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■Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies
lending counts” (“glove”) test method according to Coleman, Govere and Durrheim [10,
11] were used for testing efficacy.
13.2
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cotton fabric has been treated with Immortelle oil (I), natural vibroactivated zeolites
(Z), water glass (WG) in the impregnation bath, combined Immortelle oil and vibroac-
tivated zeolites (I_Z), Immortelle oil and water glass (I_WG) by using a Pad-Roll-Dry
system. In the continuous impregnation process the fabric wet pick was 100%, followed
by drying at 120 °C for 2 min. To every impregnation bath wetting agent Felosan RG-N
(Bezema) has been added. For better durability organosilane (F) was added in some com-
bination of baths. Samples that have organosilane in their bath were cured at 140 °C for 3
min.. The samples labels and treatment are listed in Table 13.1.
This chapter will discuss the Anopheles spp. and Aedes aegypti mosquito repellents ef-
ficacy, based on different products nature. For Anopheles spp mosquito the repellents effi-
cacy is calculated by using the results of WHO modified test method (CTD/WHOPES/IC/
96.1) which essentially is a chamber method, where mosquitos are released on treated
fabric. For textile fabrics with mosquito repellency properties, the mosquito will be re-
pelled to the bait through the gap provided. In this way their effective repulsion i.e. their
ability to migrate away is observed and calculated as Percentage Repellency (resp. effi-
cacy).
Table 13.1: The samples labels and treatment.
Sample
Treated with
UN
Untreated
Z20
20 g/l vibroactivated zeolite
I _5
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil
WG10
10 g/l water glass
I_5 _WG10
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil, 10 g/l water glass
I _5 _Z20
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil, 20 g/l vibroactivated zeolite
I_5_F10
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil, 10 g/l organosilane
I_5 _WG10_F10
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil, 10 g/l water glass,
10 g/l organosilane
I _5 _Z20_F10
5 g/l Immortelle essencial oil, 20 g/l vibroactivated zeolite,
10 g/l organosilane
For Aedes aegypti mosquito the repellent activity of each compound the assessment
was based on the human landing counts [7, 8]. The study was conducted into a cage (33
× 33 × 33 cm) with a 32 × 32 mesh and with a 20 cm diameter circular opening fitted
with cloth sleeve. Each cage contained 100 adult mosquitos (sex ratio, 1:1), 5 to 10 days
old, starved for 12 h at 25 ± 2 °C, and 70–80 % relative humidity. A plastic glove with
an opening measuring of 5 × 5 cm was employed for all the bioassays. Different doses
(from 0.05 to 1 µlcm−2 ) for DEET were applied and found that the lowest dose, where